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Preparations
Ginkgo
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is prepared from the leaves of the ginkgo tree; the active components are believed to be the terpene ginkgolides and flavonoids. Cooked ginkgo seeds are eaten in Asia and are available in Asian grocery stores in the United States; since the seeds do not contain ginkgolides and flavonoids, they have no therapeutic properties.
[ Claimed effect of ginkgo
Evidence suggests that ginkgo is useful in relieving symptoms of claudication, although exercise and cilostazol may be more effective. Ginkgo may be useful for some disorders in patients with dementia, although the evidence is inconsistent and any real effect is likely to be small. Further scientific substantiation is needed for claims that ginkgo is effective in treating dizziness, headache, tinnitus, depression, premenstrual dysphoria, dysfunctions related to erectile function and the ability to lead a normal sexual life, and that it may prevent memory loss.
Adverse effects of ginkgo
Nausea, upset stomach, headache, dizziness, and palpitations may occur. Ginkgo may interact with aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and warfarin, and may reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants. Contact with the pulp of the fruit, which can be found under female ginkgo trees (cultivated for ornamental purposes), can cause severe dermatitis.