Acute rhinoconjunctivitis

The pathogenetic basis is IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Rhinoconjunctivitis is a classic example of atopic diseases, which are characterized by the presence of hyperproduction of IgE, high levels of specific IgE and IgC4 antibodies, and an imbalance of immunoregulatory cells. The development of changes in the immune system in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis is a consequence of sensitization of the body to allergens and a hereditary predisposition to allergic reactions and diseases.

Symptoms of acute rhinoconjunctivitis

Allergic rhinitis

Patients are bothered by profuse rhinitis, uncontrollable sneezing attacks, difficulty in nasal breathing up to its complete cessation. At the same time, itching of the hard palate, pharynx, nasal mucosa, and ear canals occurs. These phenomena are accompanied by intoxication, fatigue, loss of appetite, sweating, irritability, tearfulness, and sleep disturbances appear. Symptoms such as rhinorrhea and nasal congestion contribute to the development of sinusitis, eustachitis, otitis, polyps, and bronchial asthma. The morphological expression of acute allergic rhinitis is edema and eosinophilic infiltration of the nasal mucosa.

Treatment of acute rhinoconjunctivitis

Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis involves the use of antiallergic agents of various groups. The main drugs used to treat allergic rhinitis are antihistamines. Their therapeutic effect is associated with the blockade of histamine receptors on the cellular structures of various tissues. Almost all first-generation antihistamines [chloropyramine (suprastin), clemastine (tavegil), diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine), promethazine (pipolfen), mebhydrolin (diazolin), quifenadine hydrochloride (fenkarol)] have a significant antihistamine activity. After parenteral administration or oral administration, the therapeutic effect of antihistamines appears within 15-30 minutes and reaches its maximum within an hour. It should be emphasized that an important place in the therapy of allergic rhinitis belongs to new generation antihistamines, such as loratadine, cetirizine, ebastine (kestin), desloratadine (erius), levocetirizine.

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